[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.haris.cz\/spanelska-obcanska-valka\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.haris.cz\/spanelska-obcanska-valka\/","headline":"\u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e1 ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka","name":"\u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e1 ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka","description":"\u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed je zejm\u00e9na d\u00edky snah\u00e1m kr\u00e1le Alfonse XIII. \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e9ho po celou 1. sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lku neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed a tento konflikt se tedy \u0160pan\u011blska tak\u0159ka nedotkne, nic","datePublished":"2021-09-07","dateModified":"2023-05-03","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.haris.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.haris.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d3163b56da0fbe010a5181dcf7396b9bd721056c768c8d190d293b864efe53fe?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d3163b56da0fbe010a5181dcf7396b9bd721056c768c8d190d293b864efe53fe?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"haris.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.haris.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/barcelona.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.haris.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/barcelona.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.haris.cz\/spanelska-obcanska-valka\/","about":["Spole\u010dnost"],"wordCount":725,"articleBody":"\u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed je zejm\u00e9na d\u00edky snah\u00e1m kr\u00e1le Alfonse XIII. \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e9ho po celou 1. sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lku neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed a tento konflikt se tedy \u0160pan\u011blska tak\u0159ka nedotkne, nic to v\u0161ak nem\u011bn\u00ed na tom, \u017ee monarchie je dlouhodob\u011b nestabiln\u00ed \u2013 \u010dast\u00e9 ob\u010dansk\u00e9 nepokoje, korupce, \u0161patn\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed podm\u00ednky\u2026V\u00a0roce 1923 nepokoje eskaluj\u00ed do Protimonarchistick\u00e9ho povst\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00a0\u010dele s gen. Miguel Primo de Riverou. Kr\u00e1l je nucen jmenovat gener\u00e1la ministersk\u00fdm p\u0159edsedou a ten se uj\u00edm\u00e1 moci, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 tzv. Rivierova diktatura. Ne\u017e gener\u00e1l za\u010dne realizovat v\u0161echny sv\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny na stabilizaci st\u00e1tu, p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159elom 20. a 30. let a s\u00a0t\u00edm spojen\u00e1 Sv\u011btov\u00e1 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 krize, gener\u00e1l je nucen rezignovat a roku 1931 jsou vyhl\u00e1\u0161eny mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 volby.Ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech, v\u00a0\u010dele s\u00a0Madridem, v\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161t\u00ed republik\u00e1ni, ti se velmi rychle radikalizuj\u00ed, a donut\u00ed kr\u00e1le ve strachu o \u017eivot emigrovat, t\u00edm dnem se republik\u00e1ni uj\u00edmaj\u00ed moci a vznik\u00e1 Druh\u00e1 \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e1 republika. Na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 krize je pou\u017eit tzv. Von Hayek\u016fv model (tj. metoda nezasahov\u00e1n\u00ed do ekonomika navzdory krizi) – stav hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed se nelep\u0161\u00ed a ve spole\u010dnosti op\u011bt s\u00edl\u00ed nespokojenost.\u00a0Do pop\u0159ed\u00ed se v\u00a0t\u00e9to dob\u011b dost\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e1 fa\u0161istick\u00e1 strana Falanga posiluj\u00edc\u00ed protivl\u00e1dn\u00ed protesty, v\u00a0reakci na to se zast\u00e1nci vl\u00e1dy slu\u010duj\u00ed do Lidov\u00e9 fronta \u0160pan\u011blska a do \u010dela se stav\u00ed\u00a0levicov\u00ed republik\u00e1ni. Ve volb\u00e1ch roku 1936 t\u011bsn\u011b v\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed Lidov\u00e1 fronta, v\u00a0\u010dele s\u00a0Manuelem Aza\u00f1ou, kter\u00fd je z\u00e1rove\u0148 i zvolen prezidentem. Nov\u00e1 vl\u00e1da ihned za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 vytv\u00e1\u0159et soci\u00e1ln\u00ed levicov\u00e9 reformy s\u00a0c\u00edlem ukon\u010dit krizi na \u00fakor podnikatelsk\u00fdch subjekt\u016f, to m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek bou\u0159e podnikatel\u016f a pravicov\u00fdch politik\u016f a odp\u016frci vl\u00e1dy sestavuj\u00ed koalici v\u00a0\u010dele s\u00a0Falangou. V\u016fdcem protivl\u00e1dn\u00ed koalice se st\u00e1v\u00e1 fa\u0161ista gen. Francisco Franco, ten v\u00a0\u010dervenci 1936 rozpout\u00e1 St\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159evrat ve \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e9m Maroku, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e1 ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka. Zat\u00edmco fa\u0161ist\u00e9 z\u00edskaj\u00ed portugalskou a zejm\u00e9na italskou a n\u011bmeckou podporou, na stranu republiky se postav\u00ed SSSR, Mexiko, \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161t\u00ed anarchist\u00e9 a tzv. mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed interbrig\u00e1dy (tj. polovojensk\u00e9 jednotky slo\u017een\u00e9 z\u00a0dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f zejm. z\u00a0Ameriky, SSSR a \u010cSR)Na po\u010d\u00e1tku je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 podpora n\u011bmeck\u00e9 Luftwaffe \u2013 vytvo\u0159\u00ed leteck\u00fd most p\u0159es Gibraltarsk\u00fd pr\u016fliv a umo\u017en\u00ed p\u0159esun pu\u010dist\u016f z\u00a0ovl\u00e1dnut\u00e9ho Maroka do \u0160pan\u011blska. V\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edm roce se na republik\u00e1nsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b negativn\u011b projevuje radik\u00e1lnost sov\u011btsk\u00fdch poradc\u016f, p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed vysok\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty a republika zna\u010dn\u011b oslabuje. V\u00a0t\u00e9\u017ee dob\u011b se fronta p\u0159ibli\u017euje Madridu a s\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fdm kilometrem je vedena \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l t\u00edm v\u00edc brut\u00e1ln\u011b, symbolem t\u00e9to brutality se st\u00e1v\u00e1 vybombardov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bsta Guernica fa\u0161isty. V\u00a0roce 1938 p\u0159i\u0161el zlom – stran\u011b republiky nast\u00e1v\u00e1 boj o veden\u00ed mezi republik\u00e1ny a anarchisty, velen\u00ed republik\u00e1nsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy se rozpad\u00e1. Labut\u00ed p\u00edsn\u00ed republiky je bitva na \u0159ece Ebro na severov\u00fdchod\u011b zem\u011b, navzdory lv\u00edho boje jsou republik\u00e1ni drtiv\u011b pora\u017eeni a \u00fazem\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 republikou je rozd\u011blen\u00e9 na barcelonskou a madridskou \u010d\u00e1st, zbytek \u0160pan\u011blska ji\u017e dr\u017e\u00ed fa\u0161ist\u00e9. V\u00a0lednu 1939 padne Barcelona a v\u00a0b\u0159eznu Madrid. Fa\u0161ist\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed, Lidov\u00e1 fronta v\u00a0\u010dele s\u00a0prezidentem Aza\u00f1ou je svr\u017eena a do \u010dela republiky je dosazen gen. Franco coby dikt\u00e1tor.\u00a0Sv\u011btu uk\u00e1zala tato v\u00e1lka mnoh\u00e9, ale hlavn\u011b to, \u017ee Z\u00e1pad nem\u00e1 absolutn\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1jem o d\u011bn\u00ed mimo sv\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry vlivu. To N\u011bmecku a It\u00e1lii dok\u00e1zalo, \u017ee \u201em\u016f\u017eou za\u010d\u00edt\u201c. B\u011bhem II. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky je \u0160pan\u011blsko ofici\u00e1ln\u011b neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed, podporuje v\u0161ak N\u011bmecko; b\u011bhem Francovy vl\u00e1dy je popraveno na 180\u00a0000 lid\u00ed; diktatura kon\u010d\u00ed jeho smrt\u00ed r. 1975, pot\u00e9 je znovunastolena monarchie v\u00a0\u010dele kr\u00e1l Juan Carlos I., \u00fadajn\u011b se tak stalo na p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed samotn\u00e9ho Franca.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         4\/5 - (8 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e1 ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka","item":"https:\/\/www.haris.cz\/spanelska-obcanska-valka\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]